新约 - 马太福音(Matthew)第23章

Then Jesus said to the crowds and to his disciples:
"The teachers of the law and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat.
So you must obey them and do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach.
They tie up heavy loads and put them on men's shoulders, but they themselves are not willing to lift a finger to move them.
"Everything they do is done for men to see: They make their phylacteries wide and the tassels on their garments long;
they love the place of honor at banquets and the most important seats in the synagogues;
they love to be greeted in the marketplaces and to have men call them 'Rabbi.'
"But you are not to be called 'Rabbi,' for you have only one Master and you are all brothers.
And do not call anyone on earth 'father,' for you have one Father, and he is in heaven.
Nor are you to be called 'teacher,' for you have one Teacher, the Christ.
The greatest among you will be your servant.
For whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and whoever humbles himself will be exalted.
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You shut the kingdom of heaven in men's faces. You yourselves do not enter, nor will you let those enter who are trying to.
[Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You devour windows' houses and for a show make lengthy prayers. Therefore you will be punished more severely.]
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You travel over land and sea to win a single convert, and when he becomes one, you make him twice as much a son of hell as you are.
"Woe to you, blind guides! You say, 'If anyone swears by the temple, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.'
You blind fools! Which is greater: the gold, or the temple that makes the gold sacred?
You also say, 'If anyone swears by the altar, it means nothing; but if anyone swears by the gift on it, he is bound by his oath.'
You blind men! Which is greater: the gift, or the altar that makes the gift sacred?
Therefore, he who swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it.
And he who swears by the temple swears by it and by the one who dwells in it.
And he who swears by heaven swears by God's throne and by the one who sits on it.
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices--mint, dill and cummin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law--justice, mercy and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former.
You blind guides! You strain out a gnat but swallow a camel.
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You clean the outside of the cup and dish, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence.
Blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and dish, and then the outside also will be clean.
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men's bones and everything unclean.
In the same way, on the outside you appear to people as righteous but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness.
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You build tombs for the prophets and decorate the graves of the righteous.
And you say, 'If we had lived in the days of our forefathers, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.'
So you testify against yourselves that you are the descendants of those who murdered the prophets.
Fill up, then, the measure of the sin of your forefathers!
"You snakes! You brood of vipers! How will you escape being condemned to hell?
Therefore I am sending you prophets and wise men and teachers. Some of them you will kill and crucify; others you will flog in your synagogues and pursue from town to town.
And so upon you will come all the righteous blood that has been shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah son of Berekiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar.
I tell you the truth, all this will come upon this generation.
"O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, but you were not willing.
Look, your house is left to you desolate.
For I tell you, you will not see me again until you say, 'Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord.'"
马太福音第廿三章   太 23:2-3> 法利赛人以外表看人;人看你的外表,也不是很好吗?你看你的内心,那是…… 

  23:2-3 法利赛人把自己的传统、对律法的解释和应用看成与律法本身同样重要。这些规条并非全都不好,有些还很有价值,但问题是:( 1 )宗教领袖把人所定的规条看得如同神的律法同样重要。( 2 )教导人去遵行这些规条,自己却不遵行。( 3 )遵从规条却不尊重神,徒有外表。耶稣通常不谴责他们的教训,只斥责他们的虚伪。 

  太 23:5> 佩戴经文成了伪善的人身分的象征;今天,你所表现出来的敬虔又是为何? 

  23:5 佩戴的经文是指用细小的皮盒装着的经文,虔诚的人为遵守圣经的吩咐(参申 6:8 ;出 13:9 , 16 ),将这些盒子戴在额上和手上。但这些佩戴的经文已成了身分地位的象征,失去了佩戴的原意。 

  太 23:5-7> 法利赛人只关心自己所行的是否被人看到;若你所行的没有人“关心、注意”,你会…… 

  23:5-7 耶稣再次揭露了宗教领袖的虚伪心态:他们认识圣经却没有实践出来;不关注“成为圣洁”,只关心是否被“看为圣洁”,使别人羡慕和欣赏自己。今天,许多人像法利赛人一样,认识圣经,却没有让真理改变他们的生命;说跟随耶稣,却没有按着祂的爱的标准来生活,这样就是假冒为善的生活。我们必须确定自己所行的要与所信的相符。 

  太 23:5-7> 站在高处,赞美、尊重、附和样样齐──处在高位的你所期待的是…… 

  23:5-7 人不单希望在事业上领导别人,同样也希望在教会中作领袖,喜爱地位的高升过于对神的效忠是十分危险的!法利赛人和文士就是我们的鉴戒了。耶稣并不是反对所有的领导权,我们也需要基督徒领袖,祂谴责的是服事自己而不是服事人的领导。 

  太 23:11-12> 要为大,便要作众人的用人?不可能吧?我只要为大…… 

  23:11-12 耶稣向社会的观念挑战,对祂而言,伟大是由服事而来的──献出你的力量来服事神和他人。服事使我们保持对别人需要的敏感,亦停止我们专顾自己的心态,耶稣以奴仆的身分来到世上,你要寻求什么形式的伟大呢? 

  七祸 

  太 23:13-14> 人所行的是会影响别人的!我可不要像法利赛人般给人坏影响…… 

  23:13-14 当时作宗教领袖,与今天在世俗的社会中作牧师有很大分别。以色列的历史、文化和生活起居都是围绕着与神的关系,宗教领袖是所有领袖中最有名望、最有能力、最受尊敬的。耶稣对他们作出这些尖锐的控告,因为他们渴求更多权力、金钱、地位,令他们看不见神,也影响到整个民族看不见神。 

  太 23:15> 小心!你的内心是否正在制造“法利赛人”? 

  23:15 法利赛人被规条而不是被神所吸引。他们被附加于律法规条的繁琐细则所辖制,以致完全失去了律法所指的神。行善的宗教给人很大的压力,要在所知所行的事上超越别人,因此伪善的教师往往会有更伪善的学生。我们必须小心,不要牺牲内心的更新而强调外表的顺服,制造出“法利赛人”来。 

  太 23:23-24> 付出金钱,不易;行公义怜悯,也不易,那人还可以做什么? 

  23:23-24 我们遵从了律法的细则,却仍然有可能在一般的行为上违背神,例如我们忠心地把十分之一的金钱献给神,却拒绝付出时间帮助别人。十一奉献是重要的,但这并不表示我们可以豁免遵从神其他的指示。 

  太 23:24> 法利赛人那么注意饮食清洁,却忽略内心的清洁;你不会这样吧…… 

  23:24 根据律法蠓虫是不洁的昆虫,法利赛人过滤饮用的水,避免吞下蠓虫。他们这样仔细地注意洁净礼仪的细则,却失去了对真正洁净的透视力;有外表礼仪上的洁净,内心却败坏了。 

  太 23:25-28> 看看你手、你脚、你的外表,啊,蛮好的;再看看你的心…… 

  23:25-28 耶稣斥责法利赛人和宗教领袖只有外表上的圣洁,内心仍然充满了败坏和贪婪。我们的宗教生活若只做给别人看,就好像只洗净外面的杯一样,徒有其表。如果我们里面是干净的,那清洁的外表就不虚假了。 

  太 23:34-36> 历代流义人血的罪都归到这世代了──这样说不是太不公平了? 

  23:34-36 这些先知、智慧人和文士可能是指耶稣所预言那些被逼迫、蹂躏和杀害的初期教会领袖。当时的人口口声声说不会像他们的祖先那样,杀害神所差来的先知( 23:30 ),心里却想着杀害弥赛亚及祂忠心的跟从者。所以,历代流义人血的罪都归到他们身上。 

  太 23:35> 也许你没有想过,但如果有一天,你要面对殉道,你会欣然面对或是…… 

  23:35 亚伯是第一个殉道者(参创 4 章),撒迦利亚则是希伯来圣经记载的最后一位殉道者(参代下 24:20-21 ),是属神的人被自称为神的子民所杀害的典型例子。 

  太 23:37> 我曾伤心流泪,却看不到主,其实我真不知道你在不在…… 

  23:37 耶稣希望招聚属祂的人在一起,正如母鸡用翅膀覆庇小鸡一样,但人却不肯让耶稣这样做。只要我们来到祂那里,祂就会保护我们。许多时候我们受伤害,但拒绝基督的帮助,认为祂不能把我们所需的给我们,但有谁会比我们的创造主更知道我们的需要呢?那些转向耶稣的人将发现祂的帮助和安慰是无人能及的。 

  太 23:37> 耶稣的伤痛你感觉得到吗?对你所居住的城市,你有没有耶稣的心怀? 

  23:37 耶路撒冷是神选民的首都,是以色列伟大君王大卫的京城、神在地上的居所,本应是敬拜真神的中心、全人类公义的象征,但耶路撒冷变得看不见神,对人的需要麻木不仁。这里,我们看到耶稣对失落了的子民及祂所爱又将快毁灭的圣城的伤痛。 ──《灵修版圣经注释》