In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. |
He was with God in the beginning. |
Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made. |
In him was life, and that life was the light of men. |
The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it. |
There came a man who was sent from God; his name was John. |
He came as a witness to testify concerning that light, so that through him all men might believe. |
He himself was not the light; he came only as a witness to the light. |
The true light that gives light to every man was coming into the world. |
He was in the world, and though the world was made through him, the world did not recognize him. |
He came to that which was his own, but his own did not receive him. |
Yet to all who received him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God-- |
children born not of natural descent, nor of human decision or a husband's will, but born of God. |
The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth. |
John testifies concerning him. He cries out, saying, "This was he of whom I said, 'He who comes after me has surpassed me because he was before me.'" |
From the fullness of his grace we have all received one blessing after another. |
For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. |
No one has ever seen God, but God the One and Only, who is at the Father's side, has made him known. |
Now this was John's testimony when the Jews of Jerusalem sent priests and Levites to ask him who he was. |
He did not fail to confess, but confessed freely, "I am not the Christ." |
They asked him, "Then who are you? Are you Elijah?" He said, "I am not." "Are you the Prophet?" He answered, "No." |
Finally they said, "Who are you? Give us an answer to take back to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?" |
John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet, "I am the voice of one calling in the desert, 'Make straight the way for the Lord.'" |
Now some Pharisees who had been sent |
questioned him, "Why then do you baptize if you are not the Christ, nor Elijah, nor the Prophet?" |
"I baptize with water," John replied, "but among you stands one you do not know. |
He is the one who comes after me, the thongs of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie." |
This all happened at Bethany on the other side of the Jordan, where John was baptizing. |
The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Look, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! |
This is the one I meant when I said, 'A man who comes after me has surpassed me because he was before me.' |
I myself did not know him, but the reason I came baptizing with water was that he might be revealed to Israel." |
Then John gave this testimony: "I saw the Spirit come down from heaven as a dove and remain on him. |
I would not have known him, except that the one who sent me to baptize with water told me, 'The man on whom you see the Spirit come down and remain is he who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.' |
I have seen and I testify that this is the Son of God." |
The next day John was there again with two of his disciples. |
When he saw Jesus passing by, he said, "Look, the Lamb of God!" |
When the two disciples heard him say this, they followed Jesus. |
Turning around, Jesus saw them following and asked, "What do you want?" They said, "Rabbi" (which means Teacher), "where are you staying?" |
"Come," he replied, "and you will see." So they went and saw where he was staying, and spent that day with him. It was about the tenth hour. |
Andrew, Simon Peter's brother, was one of the two who heard what John had said and who had followed Jesus. |
The first thing Andrew did was to find his brother Simon and tell him, "We have found the Messiah" (that is, the Christ). |
And he brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, "You are Simon son of John. You will be called Cephas" (which, when translated, is Peter). |
The next day Jesus decided to leave for Galilee. Finding Philip, he said to him, "Follow me." |
Philip, like Andrew and Peter, was from the town of Bethsaida. |
Philip found Nathanael and told him, "We have found the one Moses wrote about in the Law, and about whom the prophets also wrote--Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph." |
"Nazareth! Can anything good come from there?" Nathanael asked. "Come and see," said Philip. |
When Jesus saw Nathanael approaching, he said of him, "Here is a true Israelite, in whom there is nothing false." |
"How do you know me?" Nathanael asked. Jesus answered, "I saw you while you were still under the fig tree before Philip called you." |
Then Nathanael declared, "Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the King of Israel." |
Jesus said, "You believe because I told you I saw you under the fig tree. You shall see greater things than that." |
He then added, "I tell you the truth, you shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man." |
约翰福音简介
约翰福音第一章
1:1 从本章1节的“太初有道”到18节的“只有在父怀里的独生子将祂表明出来”,这18节经文是约翰要写给普世读者看的一部伟大史诗的序曲,为他所记耶稣一生揭开序幕,铺陈主题。祂是那宇宙的主宰,是这本福音书的中心人物。没有世界以前(太初)就有了祂;从宇宙的创始祂就在那里工作。祂成为人身,把神为世人所定的计划向我们充充足足的显明。祂象晨曦驱散了黎明前的黑暗,万丈金光灿烂地照亮整个世界。耶稣,这来自天上的光,在人类历史的地平线上出现,要照耀黑暗掌权的世间一切受造的万物。祂是那生命,要从为罪所充塞的人间,驱除死亡,引入一个有永生盼望的新时代。
作者从三方面来介绍耶稣:1,祂是宇宙的主(1-18节),让我们明白祂与天父的关系;2,祂是历史的主(19-51节),让我们看见祂和人类的关系;3,祂是救世的主(2:1-25),让我们了解祂和世界及人类前途的关系。
“道”字的希腊原文为Logos,英文本圣经译为“Word”(话语)。这个字的来源,有人以为是亚兰文(耶稣用的语言)旧约中的 Mē’mrā’。此字在文体结构上虽有“主的话”的意思,但实质上是“主”的同义字。这个字也不可能源于希腊哲学,因为希腊哲学用这个义为“思”或“思的表达”的字,所指的是宇宙的普遍性规律,神在此观念中并无地位。追寻用此字指“话语”的来历仍应回到圣经中。《创世记》开头处就用了“神说”:神用口中所出话语创造天地与万物。先知书记载众先知说预言,常用“耶和华的话临到我”:神用口中的话语来指挥人类历史的道路与方向。
中文把Logos译为“道”,既有“充塞天地之理”的意思,也有“言”与“说”的含义,是此字十分恰当的翻译。
约翰为什么不用希腊文 Sophia(智慧,见《箴言》8:22-36)这个旧约常用来代表神的字,而要用 Logos呢?很可能因为 Sophia为阴性,道成肉身这件事需要一个阳性字来表示;而这位道成肉身的神子不只是宇宙真理的化身,祂自己也是传讲的内容。在太初创造万物之先就有了祂;祂是那未有世界以先就有的“智慧”(林前1:24;弗3:10-11;西2:2-3);是那立定天地的“话语”(创1:1-2:22;诗33:6);是福音信息中的万人生命之道(3:15)。祂就是道成肉身的耶稣基督(14-18;14:9-11;西2:9)。
1:3 万物“没有一样”不是藉着祂造的,因此神乃独一无二的创造天地万物的主。参《歌罗西书》1:16。基督在万物未有之前,与神一同创造。
1:4 神创造万物之前,先创造光(创1:3)。基督也给人灵性的光,能见到肉眼见不到的东西,可以认识神,寻求并明白祂的旨意。
1:5 “黑暗”指恶的权势。“接受”可译为“胜过”。黑暗虽然不接受光(真理),但不能把光禁锢,不能熄灭、胜过这光(7:33;8:21;约壹2:8,14;4:4)。
1:6 为这永不能被熄灭的真光作见证的人中,约翰是其一。他不是本书作者使徒约翰,而是作耶稣先锋的施洗约翰(1:15,19,29,35)。参《马太》3章及《马可》1章。
1:7 人要得着这光所带来的新生命必须藉着“信”。“信”字在本书中出现98次,说明人从心里彻底归向祂的重要性:只是口里称耶稣为主还不够,必须心里信祂,才可以得救(罗10:9)。
1:10 “世界”在这里指人类居住的地球。但约翰有时用这个词来指离开神在魔鬼权势下生活的世人(7:7;15:18-19;17:14)。
1:11 “自己的地方”指的不是“家乡”,而是指上一节所说的祂所造的世界。“自己的人”指神所拣选的以色列民。
1:12 这光不因自己的人不接待而消失。黑暗不能胜过祂,仍有人信祂所说的,接纳了祂。“名”是声誉与品位的代表。“信祂名”就是接受耶稣的名字所代表的神成人身拯救罪人的超越身份(太1:21-23)。“神的儿女”说明了基督信徒与神的亲密关系。
1:13 得蒙拯救成为儿女的人也从神那里得到属天的品质,与世上从血气、情欲和人意(三者的原文几乎为同义字,指男欢女爱的性的结合)生的不同。
1:14 神子成为一个肉身会朽坏的人。祂不是旧约时代在会幕和圣殿里高高在上隐藏的神(出25:8;民35:34),而是人肉眼能见,暂时要住在世人中间有真性情的人(参来2:14)。
神子耶稣既有完全的神性,也有完全的人性,祂这样才可以做神和人之间的中保和全人类的救主(提前2:5-6)。神信守祂与人所立的恩典的约,祂的恩典与真理现在来到人间。古时,人若直接见到神的面,便不能存活(出33:22;提前6:16);现在藉着基督的肉身,人可以见到神的光辉。
本节以后,耶稣不再称为“道”,而迳称为耶稣。
1:15 施洗约翰为耶稣作的见证,也是为今天的我们和将来而作(原文动词用的都是带有现在意义的过去完成式)。
1:16 不是说在旧约律法时代神与人立约的恩典之上,再添上恩典时代的神的新怜悯;而是指信祂的人,在祂丰盛的恩典中,不断经历体验到神一个又一个的恩眷。
1:17 今天我们领受神的恩典有若摩西当年领受律法。律法是神智慧的最高彰显,神的恩典与真理都在律法中显明。现在藉着耶稣基督,这恩典与真理已具体呈现人前,在祂里面有那真正的恩典和真理。
1:18 人藉着道成肉身的耶稣基督,可以与神建立个人关系,和看见了神一样。唯有神自己才能显明祂自己,唯有能进到神的堂奥,与神最亲密的神子耶稣,才能将神的道理用人的话语说明出来。
1:19 从本节开始到本章末,我们将读到一连串的记述,看见耶稣怎样进到人类的历史里头,与人建立起关系。先有施洗约翰的见证,他为耶稣施洗;然后是呼召第一批门徒。这些都是耶稣开始传道的记录。这些人称耶稣为“神的儿子”或“弥赛亚”,见证祂是神所应许的救主。因着耶稣的出现,天人的关系也沟通了(51节)。
约翰出身祭司家族(路1章),祭司和利未人应该都认得他。他们问他:“你是谁?”,意思是:“你是不是那弥赛亚?”(比较1:20)“弥赛亚”是希伯来文“受膏者”的意思,希腊文译为“基督”,二者都是指犹太人所盼望的救主。
“犹太人”在本福音书中通指犹太省的人。此处特指犹太人的领袖。
1:21 犹太人相信先知以利亚仍活着(王下2:11),以为施洗约翰是真的以利亚。施洗约翰否认。他“有以利亚的心志和能力”(路1:17),他只是那“人声”(赛40:3-5),为弥赛亚的来到预备道路。主耶稣说,要是犹太人接受他的弥赛亚身份,那么,《玛》预言的以利亚已经来到,这预言可说是应验在施洗约翰身上(太17:10-13;可9:11-13)。但约翰既不是那位复兴以色列的先知以利亚,也不是《申》18:15-18所说象摩西一样伟大的先知;他是开路先锋。有人认为《玛》的预言只部分应验,要到《启》11章预言的那日子才完全实现(3节)。
1:23 本节预言耶稣先锋施洗约翰的话,引自希腊文旧约《七十士译本》的《以赛亚书》40:3。
1:27 “解鞋带”是奴仆服侍主人或远客做的事,预备给他们洗脚。约翰的意思是说他与他所见证的耶稣之间,尊卑有若天壤,等于间接说耶稣才是弥赛亚。
1:28 约旦河外的伯大尼不同于耶路撒冷城外的伯大尼村(11:1)。这个伯大尼的确切位置不详。
1:29 弥赛亚耶稣正式引进人类历史新时代,那旷野的人声(施洗约翰)宣告祂的莅临:耶稣来不单除去犹太人的罪,也要除去全人类的罪(约壹2:2);祂大过施洗约翰(30节);祂要用圣灵施洗(33节);祂是神的儿子(34节)。
施洗约翰称耶稣为“神的羔羊”,因耶稣自己无罪,把自己当作逾越节代赎的羔羊(出12:3),为世人的罪替死(比较赛53:7)。
1:32 施洗约翰是圣灵象鸽子降在耶稣身上的目击人。这圣灵“住在”耶稣身上(33节),因祂是那受膏的救世主。
1:35 35-42节所记安得烈和西门彼得的成为门徒,是施洗约翰见证后的结果。见证产生信心,信心促成对耶稣的跟随。耶稣所作的是呼召他们信祂,作祂的门徒,与《马太福音》4:18-22所记的呼召不同;后者是要他们撇下原有的职业,参加传道的行列。
1:38 “拉比”是犹太人对他们的宗教教师常用的称呼。门徒问耶稣的住处,他们对耶稣已深感兴趣,希望明白祂。
1:39 “申正”,按罗马人的计算方法,为上午十时,耶稣和门徒在一起的时间有足足一整天,让安得烈有时间去找到彼得。但按犹太人的算法则为下午四时,门徒可以与耶稣同住,第二天一道去加利利。关于两种计时方法,请看19:14注。
1:40 这两个门徒中的一个是安得烈,另一个没有提名字,很可能就是本书作者约翰。1:39详记发生此事的时间,可以看出是作者对旧事的忆述。约翰在本书中完全没有提过自己的名字,他愿意隐藏自己(21:24)。
1:42 “矶法”是彼得的亚兰文写法,意为“石头”。彼得原名西门。
1:48 这是耶稣神性的又一见证。《约翰》记载的一个重点,就是要证明耶稣是神。耶稣看见无花果树下的拿但业,只是其中一件,其他显明祂是神的事迹见2:23;4:17-19,29;6:61,64,71;11:11-13;13:1,11,17,28;16:19,30;18:4;21:17。
1:50 “更大的事”指比看见拿但业更多更惊心动魄的神迹,这些神迹记载在以后各章中。
1:51 耶稣借用雅各在梦中看见天梯一事来说明基督是沟通神与人的桥梁,也是那中保,是和以色列祖先雅各立约的那位神(创28:10-15)。神从前站在“梯子”之上和雅各立约;今天,道成肉身的“人子”也要成就神对全人类的救赎计划。
“天开了”是比喻说法,指出信基督的人可以藉着耶稣基督和神恢复交通(约壹1:5-7)。