旧约 - 撒母耳记上（1 Samuel）第17章

Now the Philistines gathered together their armies to battle, and were gathered together at Shochoh, which belongeth to Judah, and pitched between Shochoh and Azekah, in Ephesdammim.

And Saul and the men of Israel were gathered together, and pitched by the valley of Elah, and set the battle in array against the Philistines.

And the Philistines stood on a mountain on the one side, and Israel stood on a mountain on the other side: and there was a valley between them.

And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span.

And he had an helmet of brass upon his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail; and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of brass.

And he had greaves of brass upon his legs, and a target of brass between his shoulders.

And the staff of his spear was like a weaver's beam; and his spear's head weighed six hundred shekels of iron: and one bearing a shield went before him.

And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me.

If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us.

And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.

When Saul and all Israel heard those words of the Philistine, they were dismayed, and greatly afraid.

Now David was the son of that Ephrathite of Bethlehemjudah, whose name was Jesse; and he had eight sons: and the man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul.

And the three eldest sons of Jesse went and followed Saul to the battle: and the names of his three sons that went to the battle were Eliab the firstborn, and next unto him Abinadab, and the third Shammah.

And David was the youngest: and the three eldest followed Saul.

But David went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem.

And the Philistine drew near morning and evening, and presented himself forty days.

And Jesse said unto David his son, Take now for thy brethren an ephah of this parched corn, and these ten loaves, and run to the camp to thy brethren.

And carry these ten cheeses unto the captain of their thousand, and look how thy brethren fare, and take their pledge.

Now Saul, and they, and all the men of Israel, were in the valley of Elah, fighting with the Philistines.

And David rose up early in the morning, and left the sheep with a keeper, and took, and went, as Jesse had commanded him; and he came to the trench, as the host was going forth to the fight, and shouted for the battle.

For Israel and the Philistines had put the battle in array, army against army.

And David left his carriage in the hand of the keeper of the carriage, and ran into the army, and came and saluted his brethren.

And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard them.

And all the men of Israel, when they saw the man, fled from him, and were sore afraid.

And the men of Israel said, Have ye seen this man that is come up? surely to defy Israel is he come up: and it shall be, that the man who killeth him, the king will enrich him with great riches, and will give him his daughter, and make his father's house free in Israel.

And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God?

And the people answered him after this manner, saying, So shall it be done to the man that killeth him.

And Eliab his eldest brother heard when he spake unto the men; and Eliab's anger was kindled against David, and he said, Why camest thou down hither? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness? I know thy pride, and the naughtiness of thine heart; for thou art come down that thou mightest see the battle.

And David said, What have I now done? Is there not a cause?

And he turned from him toward another, and spake after the same manner: and the people answered him again after the former manner.

And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them before Saul: and he sent for him.

And David said to Saul, Let no man's heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine.

And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth.

And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father's sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock:

And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him.

Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God.

David said moreover, The LORD that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the LORD be with thee.

And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail.

And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him.

And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd's bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine.

And the Philistine came on and drew near unto David; and the man that bare the shield went before him.

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance.

And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.

And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field.

Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied.

This day will the LORD deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel.

And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD's, and he will give you into our hands.

And it came to pass, when the Philistine arose, and came, and drew nigh to meet David, that David hastened, and ran toward the army to meet the Philistine.

And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth.

So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David.

Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith. And when the Philistines saw their champion was dead, they fled.

And the men of Israel and of Judah arose, and shouted, and pursued the Philistines, until thou come to the valley, and to the gates of Ekron. And the wounded of the Philistines fell down by the way to Shaaraim, even unto Gath, and unto Ekron.

And the children of Israel returned from chasing after the Philistines, and they spoiled their tents.

And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armour in his tent.

And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.

And the king said, Enquire thou whose son the stripling is.

And as David returned from the slaughter of the Philistine, Abner took him, and brought him before Saul with the head of the Philistine in his hand.

And Saul said to him, Whose son art thou, thou young man? And David answered, I am the son of thy servant Jesse the Bethlehemite.

撒母耳记上第十七章　　第 17 章　

　　撒上 17:4-7> 以色列人为何惧怕一个歌利亚？此时为何看不到神呢？　

　　17:4-7　以色列人出埃及以后，在旷野时大多数人都不敢进入应许之地，因为害怕那地的巨人（参民 13:32-33 ）。巴珊王噩的床已超过 3.9 米长（参申 3:11 ）。此时的歌利亚身高超过 2.7 米，他侮辱以色列的军队，看来无人能胜过他。在以色列人之中身材最高的扫罗，心中可能特别惧怕，因为以身材来说，他似乎是可以与歌利亚相匹敌之人。不过，在神眼中，这巨人与常人无异。　

　　撒上 17:9> 狂妄的人看不见神，便自认所向无敌……　

　　17:9　军队常挑选武艺最高的勇士与敌方最强的战士相斗，以避免全军作战，伤亡过多。二人较力不用大规模的流血，因为一人得胜，就算他们全军得胜。从人的眼光来看，歌利亚确实比大卫占有优势，但是他不知道，他与大卫争战就必须与神争战。　

　　撒上 17:16> 以色列人与非利士人对峙了四十天之久，为什么没有一方先行进攻呢？　

　　17: 16　两军傍着山谷安营，两边都有峭壁。不管哪一方先冲下山谷，再爬上对方陡削的高岩，都会在交战之前消耗体力，处于劣势，并可能造成重大的伤亡。所以双方面都等候对方先发动攻击。　

　　撒上 17:26> 从神的角度看情势，有居高临下的宽阔感和胸有成竹的胜利感，不信？试试看！　

　　17:26　观点不同，看法各异。大多数观战者把歌利亚看成无敌的巨人，但是大卫看他只是个血肉之躯的凡人，还不如狮、熊凶猛。尤其是对方竟敢辱骂全能的神，神一定会帮助大卫争战。大卫从神的观点来看这个令人害怕的情势。从神的角度看问题，有助我们把棘手的难题看得简单，我们对情势看得清楚，就更能发挥作战的能力。　

　　撒上 17:28-32> 在神要我执行祂的计划时，我有何思想准备？　

　　17:28-32　别人的批评并不能阻挠大卫。以色列军队伫立在周围，大卫知道该采取行动了。既然有神为他争战，就没有理由再等候。别人可能抨击或嘲笑你，但是你要继续做你自己当做的事。你这样行就会讨神喜悦，祂的旨意和计划才是最为重要的。　

　　神使用的平常器皿　

　　大卫与歌利亚　

　　17:55-58　虽然大卫有好多次在扫罗面前弹琴，但扫罗向押尼珥所发出的问话，似乎表明他对大卫所知不多。也许因为扫罗已经定规，只要大卫得胜，他就将自己的女儿嫁给大卫（ 17:25 ），所以想更清楚知道他的家世。扫罗也可能因为情绪上的不稳定（ 16:14 ），使他认不出大卫。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

撒母耳记上注释　　三.打败歌利亚（一七）

　　一七1～11 非利士人招聚他们的军旅来争战，集结在耶路撒冷的西南面，在以拉谷附近。扫罗的军队聚集在以拉谷和他们中间。有一个名叫歌利亚的讨战的非利士人，天天都从营里走来挑战，要以色列的军队派人与他战斗。他共挑战了四十天，但以色列军队没有人自愿出来接战。这个巨人大约有九尺九寸高（此时的歌利亚身高超过2.7米），穿上一百七十五磅重的盔甲。单是他的铁抢头已超过十五磅重。歌利亚用这些重型武器并没有困难，因为他的体重有六百至七百五十磅（可能更重），他的体能比一般人大几倍。

　　一七12～30 有一次，大卫把补给物资带到在前线的哥哥时，听到那巨人的奚落，又看见希伯来士兵的惊恐。他问若有人能除掉这骄傲的野兽，将要怎样待他？大卫的长兄以利押打断他的说话，大概是为了掩饰他的懦弱；但是大卫坚持查问杀掉这巨人的人可得什么奖赏。

　　一七31～40 扫罗很快就听到这年轻人欲为以色列而战，于是召大卫前来。当扫罗看见大卫，就质疑这少年人的能力。但是大卫在他保护羊群，与狮子和熊搏斗时，他确知神给他能力。在一个人处事时，证明神与他同在，这时他要公开地倚靠神了。扫罗看见他的勇敢果断，就赐他自己的战衣，但大卫放弃了，因为这反倒阻碍他行动。他只带了五块光滑石子，一根杖和甩石的机弦，还有永生神的大能！

　　大多数观战者把歌利亚看成无敌的巨人，但是大卫看他只是个血肉之躯的凡人，还不如狮、熊凶猛。尤其是对方竟敢辱骂全能的神，神一定会帮助大卫争战。大卫从神的观点来看这个令人害怕的情势。从神的角度看问题，有助我们把棘手的难题看得简单，我们对情势看得清楚，就更能发挥作战的能力。

　　一七41～54 大卫当时大概是二十岁出头，歌利亚看见他就激愤了，以为以色列想侮辱他，派这少年人接战。不过大卫面对巨人的咒骂仍毫无惧色。他深信主必给他得胜。当歌利亚迎着大卫走来时，大卫掏出第一块石子，用机弦甩去，打中巨人的前额，巨人就仆倒了。大卫然后用那非利士人的刀杀了他，割了他的头。非利士众人看见这事，就都逃跑，以色列人在后紧紧的追赶。

　　一七55～58 这段经文似乎说出一个问题：奇怪扫罗钦点大卫作他近身侍卫时（一六21），竟认不出他来。可是，要留意，经文并非说扫罗不认识这少年英雄。而是记载他只是问：“那少年人是谁的儿子？”扫罗向押尼珥所发出的问话，似乎表明他对大卫所知不多。扫罗很快就忘记大卫的家庭背景。

　　威廉斯这样评论：“扫罗曾答应免那得胜者之家的税，又把他的女儿许配他，所以问押尼珥大卫的背景，也是表示对他父亲的尊重，并显示他有一定的社会地位。”

撒母耳记上　　注释　

　　十七 1-11 非利士人的挑战　

　　背景从平静的王宫转移至一个新的战场，在犹大的梭哥附近──换句话说，非利士军队又作出一次新的侵袭，扫罗需要去迎战。也许由于先前的战败，非利士人这次用了一种不同的战略。他们派出了一名「讨战的人」（ 4 节），并要求以色列也派出一名斗士，前来与他单独对垒。在这种一对一的格斗背后是一个理论，相信诸神或较强的神，会给他们拣选的人得到胜利。这样，他们毋须损失许多生命才能赢得胜利。按着歌利亚的身高、威力无比的武器和坚固的盔甲，非利士人显然不怀疑他们会落败。我们需要留意，即使是扫罗──故事开始时也曾强调他魁梧的身材（九 2 ，十 23 ）──也没有勇气接受挑战；他也感到惊惶和害怕（ 11 节）。扫罗这就显出他缺乏领导的能力：以色列人需要一个新的战士去带领他们与敌人作战。　

　　十七 12-30 大卫来到战场上　

　　大卫再次返回故事中。　

　　第 12-19 节解释，歌利亚首次发出挑战时，大卫为何不在以色列军队中，而他又为何在「四十日」后才来到。作者要我们明白，是神掌管着这些事件。大卫并不是以勇士的身分而来，那是明显的（第十七章的事件可能是在十六章 21 节之前发生的）。　

　　第 25 节十分重要，因为它解释了大卫何以在以色列中居于显要的地位，并且为十八章 17 节奠下了基础。然而，这节跟第 26 节却成了强烈的对比。大卫决定迎战歌利亚时，并不是为了自己的财富和荣耀，而是希望荣耀神，并除掉「以色列人的耻辱」。大卫显出他自己是一个适合作以色列领袖的人，跟当时惊惶失措的扫罗，和他自己那些好争吵的兄长有很大分别。　

　　十七 31-40 扫罗面见大卫　

　　扫罗和大卫之间这段对话，指出了大卫的勇气和他对「永生神」的信心，因而再次证实他有适合作领袖的条件。扫罗大可以表现出相同的信心和勇气，但他却没有。圣经表示扫罗把他的信心放在军事的经验和坚固的盔甲（「战衣」）上，因此他的态度跟歌利亚没有多大分别。当然，作者并没有否定，在战争中经验和装备是重要的；但事实上，只有神能在这独特的处境中使大卫得胜。　

　　十七 41-58 大卫的胜利　

　　决斗就这样进行。对歌利亚来说，那是一次势力悬殊的比赛，他看见一个显然没有任何装备的年轻人上前来的时候，感到那是一种侮辱。然而，读者却早已知道这次确实是势力悬殊的争竞，因为大卫的神正在掌管这事。作战双方分别发言，那在一对一的格斗中是合宜的，而两人都提及了自己的神。歌利亚只能指着「自己的神」，发出咒语，但大卫的神并不是某一族的神只，而是「普天下的人」都要认识的神。「耶和华使人得胜」（ 47 节）是整本圣经的钥句；按着上文下理，大卫不是指自己的得胜（从死亡中得拯救），而是以色列人从非利士人的辖管中得释放。　

　　大卫战胜的结果带来广泛的胜利，非利士人被逐出，直至他们自己的城迦特和以革伦。大卫把他们赶出以色列境外。这场战役的纪念品包括歌利亚的头，大卫后来在征服耶路撒冷后，把歌利亚的头也拿到城中（撒下五）。　

撒母耳记上

撒母耳记上第十七章

17：1　本章以战场为背景，记述以色列人与非利士人两军对垒，非利士人歌利亚骂阵。大卫听见辱骂的话，极为不满；又听到扫罗答应把女儿许配给能杀歌利亚的人，跃跃欲试，但遭兄长禁止。可是消息传到扫罗那里，又知道他有打死狮子和熊的大勇，叫他出阵。大卫既不披甲，也未带刀，只携了甩石的机弦。结果歌利亚被石块击中毙命。

非利士军结集的地点在犹大境。梭哥距伯利恒西只有24公里，近非利士边界。亚西加在梭哥西北边约5公里。

17：2　以拉谷也在梭哥与亚西加中间，两军隔谷对峙。

17：4-7　一肘若等于从肘至指尖的长度，歌利亚身高近3公尺。他的盔甲重约57公斤。铁枪头也有7公斤重。

17：8　古代战争常采用以战士比武决胜负的经济办法；遇有难解仇怨，也由双方比武定是非。

17：23　歌利亚可能是亚衲族人后裔（书11：22）。

17：40　“甩石的机弦”是一种很厉害的武器，大卫可能常用此击杀侵犯羊群的野兽。机弦用皮带做成，一端挽在腕上，一端卷住石头握在手上。用机弦的人挥动皮带，到一定速度，放手让石头脱带飞去，速度可达每小时150公里，杀伤力甚大。所用石块约网球大小。

17：54　“自己的帐棚里”指伯利恒家中。大卫把歌利亚的头颅送到耶路撒冷，就是耶布斯城（书15：63；士1：8）。不过，此时耶路撒冷尚在耶布斯人手中，后来才为大卫攻取。此处或为后来补记，所携者当为歌利亚的头骨；也可能当时便拿给耶布斯人看，让他们看见神的作为。

大卫又将歌利亚的战衣带回家中，当作战利品。但是战刀则放在挪伯神的圣所里，献给真正的胜利者耶和华神（21：9；参31：10）。后来大卫携此刀过逃亡生活（21：9）。

17：55-58　把这几节和16：21对照，似乎矛盾，大卫既在王宫中侍奉，何以扫罗还问“那少年人是谁的儿子”？一个解释是，大卫被引进到宫中只有一个短时期，后来仍回到伯利恒，扫罗对他的身世了解殊微；又或精神紊乱，记忆不佳。另一个解释是，扫罗虽然认得大卫，不知道他有此神勇，何况曾承诺把女儿嫁给战胜的人，又免父家的捐税（25节），因此希望知道他的家世。

旧约 - 撒母耳记上（1 Samuel）第17章

工具大全

常用查询