旧约 - 撒母耳记下（2 Samuel）第17章

Ahithophel said to Absalom, "I would choose twelve thousand men and set out tonight in pursuit of David.

I would attack him while he is weary and weak. I would strike him with terror, and then all the people with him will flee. I would strike down only the king

and bring all the people back to you. The death of the man you seek will mean the return of all; all the people will be unharmed."

This plan seemed good to Absalom and to all the elders of Israel.

But Absalom said, "Summon also Hushai the Arkite, so we can hear what he has to say."

When Hushai came to him, Absalom said, "Ahithophel has given this advice. Should we do what he says? If not, give us your opinion."

Hushai replied to Absalom, "The advice Ahithophel has given is not good this time.

You know your father and his men; they are fighters, and as fierce as a wild bear robbed of her cubs. Besides, your father is an experienced fighter; he will not spend the night with the troops.

Even now, he is hidden in a cave or some other place. If he should attack your troops first, whoever hears about it will say, 'There has been a slaughter among the troops who follow Absalom.'

Then even the bravest soldier, whose heart is like the heart of a lion, will melt with fear, for all Israel knows that your father is a fighter and that those with him are brave.

"So I advise you: Let all Israel, from Dan to Beersheba--as numerous as the sand on the seashore--be gathered to you, with you yourself leading them into battle.

Then we will attack him wherever he may be found, and we will fall on him as dew settles on the ground. Neither he nor any of his men will be left alive.

If he withdraws into a city, then all Israel will bring ropes to that city, and we will drag it down to the valley until not even a piece of it can be found."

Absalom and all the men of Israel said, "The advice of Hushai the Arkite is better than that of Ahithophel." For the LORD had determined to frustrate the good advice of Ahithophel in order to bring disaster on Absalom.

Hushai told Zadok and Abiathar, the priests, "Ahithophel has advised Absalom and the elders of Israel to do such and such, but I have advised them to do so and so.

Now send a message immediately and tell David, 'Do not spend the night at the fords in the desert; cross over without fail, or the king and all the people with him will be swallowed up.'"

Jonathan and Ahimaaz were staying at En Rogel. A servant girl was to go and inform them, and they were to go and tell King David, for they could not risk being seen entering the city.

But a young man saw them and told Absalom. So the two of them left quickly and went to the house of a man in Bahurim. He had a well in his courtyard, and they climbed down into it.

His wife took a covering and spread it out over the opening of the well and scattered grain over it. No one knew anything about it.

When Absalom's men came to the woman at the house, they asked, "Where are Ahimaaz and Jonathan?" The woman answered them, "They crossed over the brook." The men searched but found no one, so they returned to Jerusalem.

After the men had gone, the two climbed out of the well and went to inform King David. They said to him, "Set out and cross the river at once; Ahithophel has advised such and such against you."

So David and all the people with him set out and crossed the Jordan. By daybreak, no one was left who had not crossed the Jordan.

When Ahithophel saw that his advice had not been followed, he saddled his donkey and set out for his house in his hometown. He put his house in order and then hanged himself. So he died and was buried in his father's tomb.

David went to Mahanaim, and Absalom crossed the Jordan with all the men of Israel.

Absalom had appointed Amasa over the army in place of Joab. Amasa was the son of a man named Jether, an Israelite who had married Abigail, the daughter of Nahash and sister of Zeruiah the mother of Joab.

The Israelites and Absalom camped in the land of Gilead.

When David came to Mahanaim, Shobi son of Nahash from Rabbah of the Ammonites, and Makir son of Ammiel from Lo Debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim

brought bedding and bowls and articles of pottery. They also brought wheat and barley, flour and roasted grain, beans and lentils,

honey and curds, sheep, and cheese from cows' milk for David and his people to eat. For they said, "The people have become hungry and tired and thirsty in the desert."

撒母耳记下第十七章　　第 17 章　

　　撒下 17:11> 甜言蜜语只对虚荣的人有效，却会导向失败的羞辱……　

　　17:11　户筛甜言蜜语骗得押沙龙的信任，押沙龙的虚荣心成为自己的陷阱。户筛预计，如果押沙龙亲自率领军队去攻打大卫，就会有大荣耀。“骄傲在败坏以先”（箴 16:18 ），这句话充分地说明押沙龙的野心。　

　　撒下 17:25> 这里的亲戚关系较为复杂──　

　　17:25　约押与亚玛撒都是大卫的外甥，也是押沙龙的表兄弟。约押随大卫离开了耶路撒冷（参 18:5 与 10 及以下各节经文），所以押沙龙立亚玛撒代替他，作以色列军队的元帅。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

撒母耳记下第十七章　　各出奇谋（十七 1 ～ 14 ）　

　　亚希多弗的战略是攻其无备、取其不意、乘胜追击，擒贼先擒王的政策的确是一条毒辣且快捷的妙计。最大的阻碍既来自大卫，则若先扰乱大卫亲信及将领的阵脚，就可以趁势将他杀害了（ 2 ）。大卫一被解决，群龙既无首，各人必归附押沙龙。对于此计谋押沙龙和群臣都以为美（ 4 ），于是准备立即采取行动。　

　　按情况，倘若押沙龙命亚希多弗立刻行事，他们一举兵便会大功告成的了。然而神是掌管历史进程，更是掌管人心的神，在紧张关头押沙龙竟然要征询户筛的意见；犹记得前一次他要求亚希多弗出主意，并没有问过户筛便执行了；可能这次他觉得事态严重，户筛最认识大卫，知己知彼才容易取胜。想不到户筛却提出一个完全相反的策略，他提出用大石压卵的方法，由王亲率大军，大举进攻，将大卫军队杀个片甲不留（ 12 ），甚至连城也拆毁（ 13 ）。这计划正迎合押沙龙的虚荣心，户筛不但强调自己的策略好，而且批评亚希多弗的计谋无疑是赶狗入穷巷，反而不妙。押沙龙采取了户筛的计谋，因而使到大卫有机会可稍喘息，同时也能及早准备。　

　　祈祷　我知道万事都互相效力，也知道主是掌管万事的神。求叫我能在手中得安息。　

　　患难中的帮手（十七 15 ～ 29 ）　

　　逃难中的大卫有如惊弓之鸟，既无安枕之处又不清楚有什么危险随时临到。然而有时苦难是会叫我们更多经历神的，神确实为他预备了很多忠心的朋友，除了谋臣、祭司协助他外，甚至使用了一个不知名、勇敢、镇定和机智的妇人帮助约拿单及亚希玛斯渡过难关，顺利的将消息传给大卫。在人生的路上，总有很多危险的事临到，有时处境非常危殆，但神往往使信靠祂的人化险为夷。　

　　亚希多弗献计不成，是神听大卫祷告的明证（参十五 31 ）。他的死间接削弱了押沙龙的势力。推究他自杀的原因，可能是他以为押沙龙不再信任他而致面目无光，他的自以为是令他不能接受这个事实；另一可能，他深知押沙龙如采用户筛的计谋是必败的，届时他必受牵连，遂一死了之。　

　　大卫落难异邦，却得到三位朋友的接待，真是患难见真情，而巴西莱更是他忠实诚信的朋友（参十九 31 ～ 39 ）。他们尽所能的接待大卫，体贴他们的困境，更供应他大批食物和用具。相反，大卫与押沙龙两父子竟相对沙场；双方的元帅其实是表兄弟，更是大卫的外甥。本是一家亲，为何竟处于敌对地位？这是极大的讽刺！　

　　祈祷　愿我有此光荣，成为在患难中之人的朋友。──《新旧约辅读》　

撒母耳记下注释　　一七1～4 第一个计谋成功后，亚希多弗接着又向押沙龙献计，他要征召一万二千人去追赶大卫，出其不意地把大卫杀死，然后把跟随他的人带回耶路撒冷。如果大卫被杀，所有反对押沙龙的势力都会消失；没有人为死去的王而争战。亚希多弗的计谋惟一的弱点，就是他提议由他自己带领军队趁夜追击。无疑他以为这是很尊荣和很有帮助的姿态，但也给批评者大开大门，以为他不尊重押沙龙是一个战士。当时作以色列王的一个先决条件，乃是军事才干。

　　一七5～14 押沙龙喜悦亚希多弗的计谋，但决定召见户筛，听听他的意见。这是户筛等待已久的机会。他说亚希多弗……“这次”所定的谋不善。毕竟大卫和跟随他的人因这次政变心里恼怒。必定誓死战斗；而且大卫是一个明智的人，不会与他的军队一同住宿，必定藏在某处的山洞中。如果亚希多弗的第一次攻击不成功，就会引起全国惊慌，押沙龙也就失去根据了。户筛有另一个计谋，表面看来他对押沙龙忠心，但事实上他是让大卫有额外时间可以逃走，并且可能使押沙龙战死。户筛提议动员以色列的全军，由押沙龙率领；这军队必所向无敌，他们去攻击大卫，大卫必没有机会逃走。最重要的一点，这样强大的军队，由押沙龙亲自统领！户筛预计，如果押沙龙亲自率领军队去攻打大卫，就会有大荣耀。押沙龙因此决定户筛的计谋最好，于是否决亚希多弗之计，正如大卫所祷告的（一五31）。

　　作者告诉我们这是上帝的计划，叫户筛的建议被采纳，而不采纳亚希多弗的计谋（14节）。我们从另一个角度，看见押沙龙的性格和领导能力：他很容易受阿谀谄媚所影响，而他也没有足够的智慧，能正确地估计那些意见。“骄傲在败坏以先”（箴一六18），这句话充分地说明押沙龙的野心。

　　一七15～17 户筛立即传活给祭司撒督和亚比亚他，指示他们去通知大卫，叫大卫渡过约但河，逃往安全的地方。两个祭司立刻叫一个使女，去向身处城外的隐罗结的儿子报信。

　　一七18～22 然而有一个童子看见这次秘密会面，并向押沙龙举报探子。因此，两位祭司的儿子约拿单和亚希玛斯，便逃跑到巴户琳，藏身在一口井里（干的蓄水池），直到搜捕他们的人离去。然后他们便逃走，把消息带给大卫。大卫渡过约但河，使约但河成为他军队与押沙龙军队之间的天然屏障。然后大卫到了基列的玛哈念。

　　一七23 亚希多弗非常沮丧，因他的计谋被拒，而且他又感到大卫将会得到胜利。他回到了家，留下遗言，便吊死了。无论在于生或死，亚希多弗都是加略人犹大的“预示”。

　　七．押沙龙被杀与大卫的哀悼（一七24～一九8）

　　一七24～26 押沙龙追赶父亲到过了约但河的基列，他任命亚玛撒为军队的元帅。亚玛撒的父亲生来是以实玛利人（代上二17），但在宗教上是以色列人。他是大卫的侄子，又是约押的表兄弟。

　　一七27～29 大卫在玛哈念扎营的时候，有三个人来见他，分别是朔比、玛吉、巴西莱，他们带着用品和食物供给大卫及其军民的需要。

　　朔比是己故亚扪王拿辖的儿子，他兄弟哈嫩曾因拒绝大卫的好意而自吃苦果（十章）。朔比虽生为外邦人，但比许多犹太人更关心以色列的王。同样，许多外邦人也接待被“自己的人”拒绝（约一11）的主耶稣。

　　玛吉曾经照顾米非波设很多年，直到大卫把米非波设接到耶路撒冷（九3～5）。他服侍那些有需要的人，不管是一个跛足的王子，或是一个被篡位的王。哪些人为基督的缘故供应物质的帮助或接待别人，当基督在荣耀中再临的时候，要百倍报答他们的恩慈。

　　大卫逗留在玛哈念的整段时间，都得到巴西莱的供应。巴西莱富甲一方，他的支持对大卫王来说意义重大（一九31～39）。大卫临死前，叫所罗门恩待巴西莱的众子，让他们在王宫里坐席（王上二7）。基督必不忘记那些服事他的人，在基督的国里，他们可得到尊贵的位子。

旧约 - 撒母耳记下（2 Samuel）第17章

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