旧约 - 申命记(Deuteronomy)第4章

Now therefore hearken, O Israel, unto the statutes and unto the judgments, which I teach you, for to do them, that ye may live, and go in and possess the land which the LORD God of your fathers giveth you.
Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.
Your eyes have seen what the LORD did because of Baalpeor: for all the men that followed Baalpeor, the LORD thy God hath destroyed them from among you.
But ye that did cleave unto the LORD your God are alive every one of you this day.
Behold, I have taught you statutes and judgments, even as the LORD my God commanded me, that ye should do so in the land whither ye go to possess it.
Keep therefore and do them; for this is your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the nations, which shall hear all these statutes, and say, Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.
For what nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the LORD our God is in all things that we call upon him for?
And what nation is there so great, that hath statutes and judgments so righteous as all this law, which I set before you this day?
Only take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seen, and lest they depart from thy heart all the days of thy life: but teach them thy sons, and thy sons' sons;
Specially the day that thou stoodest before the LORD thy God in Horeb, when the LORD said unto me, Gather me the people together, and I will make them hear my words, that they may learn to fear me all the days that they shall live upon the earth, and that they may teach their children.
And ye came near and stood under the mountain; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven, with darkness, clouds, and thick darkness.
And the LORD spake unto you out of the midst of the fire: ye heard the voice of the words, but saw no similitude; only ye heard a voice.
And he declared unto you his covenant, which he commanded you to perform, even ten commandments; and he wrote them upon two tables of stone.
And the LORD commanded me at that time to teach you statutes and judgments, that ye might do them in the land whither ye go over to possess it.
Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire:
Lest ye corrupt yourselves, and make you a graven image, the similitude of any figure, the likeness of male or female,
The likeness of any beast that is on the earth, the likeness of any winged fowl that flieth in the air,
The likeness of any thing that creepeth on the ground, the likeness of any fish that is in the waters beneath the earth:
And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven, shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath divided unto all nations under the whole heaven.
But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron furnace, even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day.
Furthermore the LORD was angry with me for your sakes, and sware that I should not go over Jordan, and that I should not go in unto that good land, which the LORD thy God giveth thee for an inheritance:
But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan: but ye shall go over, and possess that good land.
Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the LORD your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, which the LORD thy God hath forbidden thee.
For the LORD thy God is a consuming fire, even a jealous God.
When thou shalt beget children, and children's children, and ye shall have remained long in the land, and shall corrupt yourselves, and make a graven image, or the likeness of any thing, and shall do evil in the sight of the LORD thy God, to provoke him to anger:
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolong your days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.
And the LORD shall scatter you among the nations, and ye shall be left few in number among the heathen, whither the LORD shall lead you.
And there ye shall serve gods, the work of men's hands, wood and stone, which neither see, nor hear, nor eat, nor smell.
But if from thence thou shalt seek the LORD thy God, thou shalt find him, if thou seek him with all thy heart and with all thy soul.
When thou art in tribulation, and all these things are come upon thee, even in the latter days, if thou turn to the LORD thy God, and shalt be obedient unto his voice;
(For the LORD thy God is a merciful God;) he will not forsake thee, neither destroy thee, nor forget the covenant of thy fathers which he sware unto them.
For ask now of the days that are past, which were before thee, since the day that God created man upon the earth, and ask from the one side of heaven unto the other, whether there hath been any such thing as this great thing is, or hath been heard like it?
Did ever people hear the voice of God speaking out of the midst of the fire, as thou hast heard, and live?
Or hath God assayed to go and take him a nation from the midst of another nation, by temptations, by signs, and by wonders, and by war, and by a mighty hand, and by a stretched out arm, and by great terrors, according to all that the LORD your God did for you in Egypt before your eyes?
Unto thee it was shewed, that thou mightest know that the LORD he is God; there is none else beside him.
Out of heaven he made thee to hear his voice, that he might instruct thee: and upon earth he shewed thee his great fire; and thou heardest his words out of the midst of the fire.
And because he loved thy fathers, therefore he chose their seed after them, and brought thee out in his sight with his mighty power out of Egypt;
To drive out nations from before thee greater and mightier than thou art, to bring thee in, to give thee their land for an inheritance, as it is this day.
Know therefore this day, and consider it in thine heart, that the LORD he is God in heaven above, and upon the earth beneath: there is none else.
Thou shalt keep therefore his statutes, and his commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon the earth, which the LORD thy God giveth thee, for ever.
Then Moses severed three cities on this side Jordan toward the sunrising;
That the slayer might flee thither, which should kill his neighbour unawares, and hated him not in times past; and that fleeing unto one of these cities he might live:
Namely, Bezer in the wilderness, in the plain country, of the Reubenites; and Ramoth in Gilead, of the Gadites; and Golan in Bashan, of the Manassites.
And this is the law which Moses set before the children of Israel:
These are the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which Moses spake unto the children of Israel, after they came forth out of Egypt,
On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Bethpeor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel smote, after they were come forth out of Egypt:
And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan toward the sunrising;
From Aroer, which is by the bank of the river Arnon, even unto mount Sion, which is Hermon,
And all the plain on this side Jordan eastward, even unto the sea of the plain, under the springs of Pisgah.
申命记第四章   第 4 章 

  申 4:2> 神的律法不可加添、删减!耶稣时代以至今世,仍有人要替神把话说得更清楚── 

  4:2 神的命令,人不可加添,也不可删减,这是指什么而言?这些命令(律法)是神完备的话语,人类以有限的智慧与知识,怎能润饰祂完全的律法?人在神的律法上有所加添,就是画蛇添足;如果删减,则使之缺欠。所以这律法不可有丝毫更改。擅改神律法者,就是妄自尊大,以为高过赐律法的神(参太 5:17-19 ; 15:3-9 ;启 22:18-19 )。当主耶稣在世为人的时候,一班宗教领袖所做的正是如此,他们把自己所定的条例,高举到与神律法同等的地步,所以主斥责他们(参太 23:1-4 )。 

  申 4:8> 神是这样看重祂所赐下的律法,我们却总以为他们已经过时…… 

  4:8 神赐给以色列人的律法,对现代的基督徒是否仍适用?祂赐律法的目的,是要引导万民过健康、正直、敬虔的生活。律法的目的是要指出人的罪(或可能犯的罪),并且告诉人对付罪的恰当方法。神律法的核心是十条诫命,三千多年前适用,今日也一样适用;因为它宣告神喜悦何种生活方式,并充分说明神是怎样的一位神,祂要人过的是怎样的生活。 

  不过除了十诫以外,神也赐下其他的律法,它们是否同样重要呢?神从来没有颁发过一条毫无意义的律法。我们在摩西五经之中,读到许多律法,是专门针对那个时代与那种文化习俗中的人的。某些专门的律法对我们也许未必适用,但是它内中的真理或原则,却不受时限,精义仍存。例如,基督徒在敬拜神时毋须献上牲祭,但是其中使罪得赦及感谢神的道理仍然适用。古人以牲畜献祭,是预表末后主耶稣基督为我们所献的祭,就是祂自己。新约说,耶稣基督以祂的受死与复活成全了旧约的律法,那就是旧约律法帮助我们省察自己的罪,改正自己的恶行,而主耶稣基督能除去我们的罪。祂是我们最佳的榜样,因为只有祂完全顺服神的律法,并活出了律法的真正内涵。 

  申 4:9> 免得忘记,总要传给下一代──恐怕我们未传给下一代已忘了…… 

  4:9 摩西要百姓不要忘记他们亲眼所见的神的作为,又叫他们把神所行的伟大神迹传讲给儿女,也藉此提醒作父母的牢记神的信实,把神的伟大作为代代相传下去。我们很容易忘记神在自己身上所行的大事,但是通过把亲眼所见神信实的大作为告诉儿女与亲友,也可以使自己温故知新。 

  申 4:19> 起初神就说明了憎恶偶像;从起初到现在,人类都不断地犯…… 

  4:19 其他民族拜偶像,神同样不饶恕,只是审判可能延迟,但对以色列人的审判则来得又快又彻底,因为他们知道神的律法。我们必须牢记,拜偶像不仅是在家中放一个泥塑木雕,或是金属的神像,拜偶像即委身于其他邪恶的事情和信仰,有分于偶像所代表的习俗(像杀人、淫乱、残酷的战争、以自我为中心)。此外迷信人或野兽的能力,敬拜在天空运行的日月星辰,不理会创造他们的神,都是拜偶像的行为。因为神在以色列人的历史之中已经亲自显明,所以人拜祂以外的一切都罪不可恕。 

  申 4:24> 不要犯错,犯错祂也许不原谅我──其实祂已为我们预备了…… 

  4:24 神是烧灭人的烈火。因为祂的性情是完美的,所以恨恶罪恶,不能容忍人犯罪。摩西的罪使他进不了应许之地,虽献祭也不能免除惩罚。罪虽然使我们不能到神面前,但是耶稣基督为我们的罪付出赎价,藉着祂的死,我们得以被赦罪。信靠耶稣基督,能使你免遭神的震怒,并使你开始与祂建立关系。 

  申 4:24> 忌邪原来可解作嫉妒,但,我神竟也会嫉妒?…… 

  4:24 忌邪,亦可译作嫉妒。神的嫉妒乃是指神要求人单单爱祂,对祂忠诚。人若看见别人比自己强而嫉妒是有害的,但人要求妻子对作丈夫的专一,则是合理的。同样,神为维护自己的尊严与圣洁,向我们提出严肃而专一的要求也是正确的,即我们必须单单敬拜事奉祂(耶和华),不许向其他偶像献媚、膜拜,因为宇宙之中除了耶和华,再无别的神值得我们敬拜。 

  申 4:29> 只要尽心尽性寻求神,就可以寻见神?但神好像很远的── 

  4:29 神应许以色列人,只要尽心尽性地寻求祂,就必寻见。你想认识祂吗?人可以认识祂,祂也渴望被人认识,不过我们要先有渴慕认识祂的心。当存真诚虔敬之心,来遵行敬拜事奉的条例。如新约所说,凡“到神面前来的人,必须信有神,且信他赏赐那寻求他的人。”(来 11:6 )祂要报答那些专心与祂建立关系的人。 

  申 4:32> 世间的人和事都好像较神来得实在;但摩西为何会这样高举神? 

  4:32 我们常被引诱,去从别处寻求指引,而不去寻求神。我们信靠医生、财经顾问、甚至报导新闻的时事评论员,但是否信靠神呢?我们应当先求问祂的意见( 4:39-40 ),承认祂有权全面管理我们的生活。 

  申 4:40> 若遵守律例诫命就可以得福,为何仍有那么多不愉快的事发生? 

  4:40 神是否保证以色列人,谨守祂的律法就会亨通呢?答案是肯定的,不过必须仔细地看它所指的是什么。神的律法是为叫祂的选民又健康、又公正,且心存怜悯。遵行律法,就凡事亨通。不过,这并不是说在他们中间从此疾病、悲哀与误会全部绝迹,而是指这个民族会全族兴旺,个人的问题也会得到公正地解决。神现在也应许人亨通──祂永远与信祂之人同在,赐下资源,叫人富足,而我们应当将这一切与众信徒分享。主耶稣早已告诉我们,试炼难免,但是我们可以避免存心犯罪,更知道在天上有无尽的财宝,等着我们去领取。──《灵修版圣经注释》