旧约 - 撒母耳记下(2 Samuel)第3章

Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker.
And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess;
And his second, Chileab, of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite; and the third, Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;
And the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; and the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David's wife. These were born to David in Hebron.
And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David, that Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul.
And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ishbosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father's concubine?
Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ishbosheth, and said, Am I a dog's head, which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father, to his brethren, and to his friends, and have not delivered thee into the hand of David, that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman?
So do God to Abner, and more also, except, as the LORD hath sworn to David, even so I do to him;
To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul, and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah, from Dan even to Beersheba.
And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared him.
And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying, Whose is the land? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.
And he said, Well; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is, Thou shalt not see my face, except thou first bring Michal Saul's daughter, when thou comest to see my face.
And David sent messengers to Ishbosheth Saul's son, saying, Deliver me my wife Michal, which I espoused to me for an hundred foreskins of the Philistines.
And Ishbosheth sent, and took her from her husband, even from Phaltiel the son of Laish.
And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim. Then said Abner unto him, Go, return. And he returned.
And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel, saying, Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you:
Now then do it: for the LORD hath spoken of David, saying, By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines, and out of the hand of all their enemies.
And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin.
So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast.
And Abner said unto David, I will arise and go, and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king, that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth. And David sent Abner away; and he went in peace.
And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace.
When Joab and all the host that was with him were come, they told Joab, saying, Abner the son of Ner came to the king, and he hath sent him away, and he is gone in peace.
Then Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away, and he is quite gone?
Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner, that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in, and to know all that thou doest.
And when Joab was come out from David, he sent messengers after Abner, which brought him again from the well of Sirah: but David knew it not.
And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother.
And afterward when David heard it, he said, I and my kingdom are guiltless before the LORD for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner:
Let it rest on the head of Joab, and on all his father's house; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth on the sword, or that lacketh bread.
So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner, because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle.
And David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth, and mourn before Abner. And king David himself followed the bier.
And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept.
And the king lamented over Abner, and said, Died Abner as a fool dieth?
Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him.
And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day, David sware, saying, So do God to me, and more also, if I taste bread, or ought else, till the sun be down.
And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people.
For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.
And the king said unto his servants, Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel?
And I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the LORD shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness.
撒母耳记下第三章   第 3 章 

  撒下 3:1> 人与人之间的争端,往往起于眼前的得失,这种短视的眼光怎样才可以突破? 

  3:1 第二章所记载的事件发生以后,大卫家与忠于押尼珥和伊施波设的军队之间,就有了长期的战争,双方都损失惨重,也动摇了国家的基础。这场战争的兴起是因为以色列与犹大都没有看到神的异象,也忘记了神要他们定居在迦南的原意(参创 12:7 )是要他们赶出迦南人(参申 7:1-4 )、遵行神的律法(参申 8:1 ),百姓没有联合一致完成使命,反而彼此争战。在你面对冲突的时候,先想想你与对方有没有高过双方歧见的共同目标。要放眼彼此共通的地方,努力解决争端。 

  撒下 3:2-5> 大卫在家庭中所遇到的问题,是否在某程度上也困扰着我? 

  3:2-5 大卫因妻妾众多,困扰不休。昔日的社会习俗虽容许君王多妻,但神早就有明令禁止(参申 17:14-17 )。大卫众妻妾所生的众儿女,令他吃尽苦头,他的儿子有强奸同父异母之妹的( 13:14 ),有谋杀的( 13:28 ),还有背叛( 15:13 )与贪图王位的(参王上 1:5-6 )。这一切皆因同父异母兄弟之间嫉妒争竞所致。大卫的儿子,也是他的王位继承人所罗门娶了更多的妻妾妃嫔,而其中的外邦女子引他偏离了神(参王上 11:3-4 )。 

  撒下 3:6-7> 押尼珥的做法意味着什么? 

  3:6-7 与君王的妻妾同寝,就是宣告得到王位;臣仆这样行,就表示不忠和叛国。由于伊施波设软弱无能,押尼珥统管全国,所以他觉得与扫罗的妾侍同寝乃是合法合理的事,不过伊施波设已看出押尼珥的权力太大。 

  撒下 3:7> 持守信念是顶不容易的事,然而若能赢得神的称赞,我会…… 

  3:7 伊施波设公开指责押尼珥也许是对的,但是他没有道德力量来支持自己的威望( 3:11 )。缺少道德支柱,是以色列以后的四百年中祸乱的根源。在以后的四十个君王之中,只有四个被认为是好的(敬畏神的)。持定你的信念,对抗错谬、面对反对势力很需要勇气与魄力。若你认定某些事是错的,就不要畏惧人的反对,而轻易放弃自己的立场。要坚定不屈,拒绝错谬,持定真理。 

  撒下 3:8> 押尼珥何以敢痛骂王? 

  3:8 押尼珥说“我岂是犹大家的狗头呢?”,意味着“我岂是私通犹大的卖国贼呢?”他可能反驳伊施波设说他有篡位的图谋,也可能是向伊施波设发怒,因为刚刚把他扶上王位,就受他责骂。在此以前,押尼珥已经看出难以阻挡大卫作以色列的王,现在既对伊施波设发怒,就定计要将以色列国交给大卫。 

  撒下 3:13-14> 事隔多年,发妻已为人妇,大卫为何还要讨回米甲? 

  3:13-14 大卫奋勇作战立下功勋,他杀死非利士巨人歌利亚后,扫罗便将女儿米甲嫁给他作为奖赏(参撒上 17:25 ; 18:24-27 ),后来因扫罗的嫉妒恼怒,又将女儿从大卫家夺回,强迫她改嫁给帕提(参撒上 25:44 )。现在大卫要得回妻子,然后才与北方的支派和谈。大卫也许仍然爱米甲(不过在 6:20-23 之中,却记载他们意见相左),也可能是他认为以扫罗女婿的身分,更适合作全以色列的王,而且可以消除扫罗家的敌意。帕提只是因扫罗的嫉妒而被卷入漩涡中的牺牲品。 

  撒下 3:19> 长老们为什么支持押尼珥的行动? 

  3:19 扫罗、伊施波设、押尼珥都属于便雅悯支派,这支派众长老支持押尼珥把国交给大卫,他们很可能捐弃支派的成见和嫉妒心,一心想要国家统一。 

  押尼珥 

  撒下 3:26-29> 怨恨容易使人以恶报恶,我心中是否也隐藏着一些怨怼,忘记伸冤在神? 

  3:26-29 约押没有让神来伸冤,反而自行报押尼珥杀他兄弟之仇。但是报仇使他自己也遭灾(参王上 2:31-34 )。罪有应得之人,神必报应(参罗 12:19 ),不要因仇敌遭难就幸灾乐祸,更不要图谋报复。存心报复会使你心里失去平安,并增加冤冤相报的机会。 

  撒下 3:27> 冤冤相报,不单种下深仇,而且更是对神的律法的蔑视…… 

  3:27 押尼珥出于自卫,杀了约押的兄弟亚撒黑,约押则为了报兄弟之仇,也为着保全自己作以色列军事领袖的地位,杀死了押尼珥。出于自卫而杀人的,在逃城之中应得保障(参民 35:22-25 )。约押在逃城希伯仑(参书 20:7 )施行报复、杀害押尼珥,显示他毫不尊重神的律法。 

  撒下 3:29> 大卫因何震怒,以致诅咒约押? 

  3:29 大卫说,约押的后裔必不洁净、不健康并且贫穷缺乏。他为何这样严厉地咒诅约押呢?他为押尼珥的死而恼怒,是因为:( 1 )他痛失一位能征善战的军事英才。( 2 )他想表明谋杀押尼珥的罪责在于约押,不在于他自己。( 3 )他作以色列全族之王已经在望,他要招降北方众支派,押尼珥本是个关键的人物,现在押尼珥的死可能令内战死灰复燃。( 4 )约押破坏了大卫保护押尼珥的约定。约押谋害人,破坏了大卫的计划,而这罪魁祸首竟是大卫的元帅,难怪大卫如此震怒! 

  撒下 3:31> 大卫的哀哭意味着什么? 

  3:31 大卫跟在灵柩后面哭,表示丧礼由他主持。 

  撒下 3:31-39> 让凶手为受害人哀哭,大卫此举的用心是── 

  3:31-39 大卫吩咐约押为押尼珥哀哭,可能由于很少人知道真凶正是约押,而且大卫也不想再惹麻烦。如果他真是这么考虑的话,大卫就是看坚固国位重于秉行公义了。 

  撒下 3:39> 大卫为什么不秉行公义,惩罚约押? 

  3:39 大卫提到约押与亚比筛,二人乃是洗鲁雅的儿子。大卫尤其难以驾驭约押,尽管他对大卫忠心忠诚,却我行我素、倔强顽强;不过大卫为了得他的效忠,甘愿对他的事作弹性处理,没有严加惩处。 

  约押谋害押尼珥,显明根本不服王法。大卫虽然不满他的恶行,却容许他不受惩罚,因为( 1 )处罚约押,军队可能造反;( 2 )约押是他的外甥,严惩他会引起家庭纷争;( 3 )约押也是出于犹大支派,大卫不愿意自己支派众叛亲离;( 4 )约押治军有方,除掉他会失去能征善战的元帅。──《灵修版圣经注释》