新约 - 马可福音(Mark)第14章

After two days was the feast of the passover, and of unleavened bread: and the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might take him by craft, and put him to death.
But they said, Not on the feast day, lest there be an uproar of the people.
And being in Bethany in the house of Simon the leper, as he sat at meat, there came a woman having an alabaster box of ointment of spikenard very precious; and she brake the box, and poured it on his head.
And there were some that had indignation within themselves, and said, Why was this waste of the ointment made?
For it might have been sold for more than three hundred pence, and have been given to the poor. And they murmured against her.
And Jesus said, Let her alone; why trouble ye her? she hath wrought a good work on me.
For ye have the poor with you always, and whensoever ye will ye may do them good: but me ye have not always.
She hath done what she could: she is come aforehand to anoint my body to the burying.
Verily I say unto you, Wheresoever this gospel shall be preached throughout the whole world, this also that she hath done shall be spoken of for a memorial of her.
And Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve, went unto the chief priests, to betray him unto them.
And when they heard it, they were glad, and promised to give him money. And he sought how he might conveniently betray him.
And the first day of unleavened bread, when they killed the passover, his disciples said unto him, Where wilt thou that we go and prepare that thou mayest eat the passover?
And he sendeth forth two of his disciples, and saith unto them, Go ye into the city, and there shall meet you a man bearing a pitcher of water: follow him.
And wheresoever he shall go in, say ye to the goodman of the house, The Master saith, Where is the guestchamber, where I shall eat the passover with my disciples?
And he will shew you a large upper room furnished and prepared: there make ready for us.
And his disciples went forth, and came into the city, and found as he had said unto them: and they made ready the passover.
And in the evening he cometh with the twelve.
And as they sat and did eat, Jesus said, Verily I say unto you, One of you which eateth with me shall betray me.
And they began to be sorrowful, and to say unto him one by one, Is it I? and another said, Is it I?
And he answered and said unto them, It is one of the twelve, that dippeth with me in the dish.
The Son of man indeed goeth, as it is written of him: but woe to that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! good were it for that man if he had never been born.
And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body.
And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it.
And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many.
Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God.
And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives.
And Jesus saith unto them, All ye shall be offended because of me this night: for it is written, I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep shall be scattered.
But after that I am risen, I will go before you into Galilee.
But Peter said unto him, Although all shall be offended, yet will not I.
And Jesus saith unto him, Verily I say unto thee, That this day, even in this night, before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice.
But he spake the more vehemently, If I should die with thee, I will not deny thee in any wise. Likewise also said they all.
And they came to a place which was named Gethsemane: and he saith to his disciples, Sit ye here, while I shall pray.
And he taketh with him Peter and James and John, and began to be sore amazed, and to be very heavy;
And saith unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful unto death: tarry ye here, and watch.
And he went forward a little, and fell on the ground, and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour might pass from him.
And he said, Abba, Father, all things are possible unto thee; take away this cup from me: nevertheless not what I will, but what thou wilt.
And he cometh, and findeth them sleeping, and saith unto Peter, Simon, sleepest thou? couldest not thou watch one hour?
Watch ye and pray, lest ye enter into temptation. The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak.
And again he went away, and prayed, and spake the same words.
And when he returned, he found them asleep again, (for their eyes were heavy,) neither wist they what to answer him.
And he cometh the third time, and saith unto them, Sleep on now, and take your rest: it is enough, the hour is come; behold, the Son of man is betrayed into the hands of sinners.
Rise up, let us go; lo, he that betrayeth me is at hand.
And immediately, while he yet spake, cometh Judas, one of the twelve, and with him a great multitude with swords and staves, from the chief priests and the scribes and the elders.
And he that betrayed him had given them a token, saying, Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is he; take him, and lead him away safely.
And as soon as he was come, he goeth straightway to him, and saith, Master, master; and kissed him.
And they laid their hands on him, and took him.
And one of them that stood by drew a sword, and smote a servant of the high priest, and cut off his ear.
And Jesus answered and said unto them, Are ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and with staves to take me?
I was daily with you in the temple teaching, and ye took me not: but the scriptures must be fulfilled.
And they all forsook him, and fled.
And there followed him a certain young man, having a linen cloth cast about his naked body; and the young men laid hold on him:
And he left the linen cloth, and fled from them naked.
And they led Jesus away to the high priest: and with him were assembled all the chief priests and the elders and the scribes.
And Peter followed him afar off, even into the palace of the high priest: and he sat with the servants, and warmed himself at the fire.
And the chief priests and all the council sought for witness against Jesus to put him to death; and found none.
For many bare false witness against him, but their witness agreed not together.
And there arose certain, and bare false witness against him, saying,
We heard him say, I will destroy this temple that is made with hands, and within three days I will build another made without hands.
But neither so did their witness agree together.
And the high priest stood up in the midst, and asked Jesus, saying, Answerest thou nothing? what is it which these witness against thee?
But he held his peace, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, and said unto him, Art thou the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?
And Jesus said, I am: and ye shall see the Son of man sitting on the right hand of power, and coming in the clouds of heaven.
Then the high priest rent his clothes, and saith, What need we any further witnesses?
Ye have heard the blasphemy: what think ye? And they all condemned him to be guilty of death.
And some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to buffet him, and to say unto him, Prophesy: and the servants did strike him with the palms of their hands.
And as Peter was beneath in the palace, there cometh one of the maids of the high priest:
And when she saw Peter warming himself, she looked upon him, and said, And thou also wast with Jesus of Nazareth.
But he denied, saying, I know not, neither understand I what thou sayest. And he went out into the porch; and the cock crew.
And a maid saw him again, and began to say to them that stood by, This is one of them.
And he denied it again. And a little after, they that stood by said again to Peter, Surely thou art one of them: for thou art a Galilaean, and thy speech agreeth thereto.
But he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this man of whom ye speak.
And the second time the cock crew. And Peter called to mind the word that Jesus said unto him, Before the cock crow twice, thou shalt deny me thrice. And when he thought thereon, he wept.
马可福音第十四章   第 14 章 

  可 14:1> 你知道逾越节的故事吗? 

  14:1 逾越节是以色列人记念神让祖先得自由的日子。那天晚上,神的使者越过有羊羔的血为记号的房子,把其他房子中的长子杀掉(参出 12 章)。逾越节后,是连续七日的无酵节。无酵节是以色列人记念祖先急忙逃离埃及时没时间用酵来发面的节期。过节期间,犹太人聚集一起吃一顿特别的筵席,有羊羔、酒、苦菜和无酵饼,后来整个星期都称为逾越节。 

  可 14:3> 14:3 伯大尼位于橄榄山东面的斜坡上,耶路撒冷则在西面。耶稣的朋友拉撒路、马利亚和马大三姐弟都住在这个城里。他们当时也在一起吃晚餐(参约 11:2 )。用香膏抹耶稣脚的女人就是马利亚(参约 12:1-3 )。 

  可 14:3-9> 奇怪了,这件事在不同的福音书中,记载的次序有所不同…… 

  14:3-9 马太和马可记载这件事是紧接着最后晚餐前发生的,但约翰却把这件事放在最后晚餐前一星期,刚好在耶稣光荣地进入耶路撒冷之前。我们要知道福音书的作者介绍耶稣的生平,不是完全按照事件发生的准确日期、时序编排的。他们写作的目的是要准确地传达耶稣的信息。马利亚完全的奉献和犹大的叛变实在是一个强烈的对比。马太福音和马可福音为了突出这点,就在其后记载了犹大卖主。 

  可 14:4-5> 他们的不悦,是因为……我会吗? 

  14:4-5 马可写“有些人”不高兴,约翰则特别指明这人是犹大(参约 12:4 )。犹大不是关心穷人,只是贪心。他替耶稣管钱,常中饱私囊(参约 12:6 )。他当然想卖掉这瓶名贵的香膏,所得的钱也就归他保管了。 

  可 14:6-7> 马利亚的行为是浪费吗? 

  14:6-7 耶稣不是说我们应该忽视穷人,更不是说对他们漠不关心是对的(参太 6:2-4 ;路 6:20-21 ; 14:13 , 21 ; 18:22 )。祂是在称赞马利亚对祂无私的敬拜。敬拜基督的精义,是以最大的爱来爱祂、尊敬祂、向祂献身,并愿意为祂奉上最宝贵的东西。 

  加略人犹大 

  可 14:10> 犹大为权?犹大为钱?…… 

  14:10 犹大为什么出卖耶稣?犹大也像其他门徒一样,期望耶稣能发动一次政治叛乱,推翻罗马政权。作为管钱的,犹大也像其他门徒一样,深信自己在耶稣的新政府中能占重要的位置( 10:35-37 )。不过,马利亚把一瓶价值相当于一年薪水的香膏浇在耶稣头上时,竟得到耶稣的称赞;而当他出言表示不满时,却受到耶稣的质问。犹大终于认识到耶稣并没有政治野心。如果他继续跟随耶稣,就得不到金钱和地位。于是他把心一横,去见祭司长,密谋出卖耶稣,以换取宗教领袖的金钱和欢心。 

  受难周内发生的主要事件 

  最后晚餐和客西马尼园 

  可 14:13-15> 耶稣和门徒也预备过节…… 

  14:13-15 耶稣打发的那两个门徒是彼得和约翰(参路 22:8 )。当时很多房子都有很大的阁楼,有时屋内和屋外也有楼梯。逾越节筵席的预备工作包括摆设桌子、预备羊羔、无酵饼、酱料及其他过节食品和饮料。 

  可 14:19> “是我吗?”我有在生活中否定耶稣吗? 

  14:19 要出卖耶稣的犹大也与其他人同席,他决意要出卖耶稣,却虚伪地与其他人共进晚餐。我们很容易会因犹大的所作所为而愤怒或感到震惊。不过,一方面说要向基督献身,另一方面却在生活上否认祂,这也等于出卖基督。不顺服祂,就是否定祂的爱;不信任祂,就是否定祂的真理;拒绝祂的权威,就是否定祂的神性。你是否言行一致?若你言行不一,就要改变自己的心思,以免犯下严重的错误。 

  可 14:20> 蘸手在盘子里是什么习惯? 

  14:20 吃饭时,犹太人习惯把共用的盘子放在桌子中央,盘子里面盛上果酱,他们就拿饼或肉蘸着吃。 

  可 14:22-25> 今天我们仍守圣餐,因为…… 

  14:22-25 马可记录了圣餐的起源。今天我们在主日敬拜中仍然守这个礼仪。耶稣与门徒一同分享筵席、唱诗歌、读圣经、祈祷,接着,就是逾越节筵席中两个传统的部分:擘饼和喝酒。耶稣给饼和酒赋予新的意义,就是祂的身体和血,以解释祂将要在十字架上成就的事的意义(参林前 11:23-29 )。 

  可 14:24> 耶稣立约的血是为我流出,那有何作用? 

  14:24 耶稣为我们死在十字架上,使神与人所立的新约正式生效。活在旧约下的人藉动物祭牲的血使罪得赦(参出 24:6-8 );但是,耶稣是神无瑕疵的羔羊,只一次献在坛上,人的罪就此藉祂永远得赦。祂是所有罪愆的最后祭品,祂的血为神和人之间立下新约。现在我们每一个人都可以藉着耶稣到神那里去,并且有十足的把握,知道祂会垂听我们,拯救我们脱离罪恶。 

  可 14:26> 他们唱了什么诗? 

  14:26 他们唱的是犹太人传统在逾越节筵席上唱的诗歌(参诗 115-118 )。 

  可 14:27> 耶稣也受死亡的威胁吗?祂死了,撒但岂不威风? 

  14:27 在耶稣被钉死这件事上,撒但似乎占了上风,不过我们迟一点就会发现,其实神一直在掌权,甚至祂儿子的死也是在祂的控制之下,撒但并没有得到任何胜利。 

  可 14:27-31> 若我是门徒,我的反应可能更激烈…… 

  14:27-31 这是耶稣在同一晚第二次预言门徒会不认祂和背弃祂(参路 22:31-34 ;约 13:36-38 ),这可能是门徒强烈反应的原因( 14:31 )。 

  可 14:35-36> 耶稣为什么这样祷告呢?难道祂想逃避? 

  14:35-36 耶稣是不是想逃避自己的使命呢?耶稣说出内心的感受,却没有抗拒神的旨意,祂重申要遵行神的旨意。祂的祷告突出祂将要忍受的是比死亡更加可怕的痛苦,因为祂要承担全人类的罪恶。这“杯”指在十字架上与父神分开的悲痛(参来 5:7-9 )。无罪的神子承担了我们的罪孽,与神隔绝片刻,使我们得救! 

  可 14:36> 不从自己的意思,难;只从神的意思,更难? 

  14:36 耶稣祷告时,知道遵行父神旨意要付出代价,也明白将要受什么苦。祂不想忍受这种可怕的经历,然而,祂祷告说:“不要从我的意思,只要从你的意思。”要得到任何有价值的东西也要付出代价。你献身与神付出了什么代价呢?甘心付出这代价,到最后就能得到有永恒价值的东西。 

  可 14:38> 试探来到,如何抵抗? 

  14:38 面对重大压力时,我们会变得脆弱,即使心灵愿意顺服,也很容易被试探所胜。耶稣给我们作了榜样,教导我们如何抵抗试探:( 1 )向神祈祷( 14:35 );( 2 )找爱我们的人和朋友支持( 14:33 , 37 , 40-41 );( 3 )专注在神给我们的旨意上( 14:36 )。 

  可 14:43-45> 犹大行动了── 

  14:43-45 宗教领袖给犹大一小队士兵和差役(参约 18:3 ),叫他逮捕耶稣,把耶稣带到他们那里受审。宗教领袖发出逮捕耶稣的手令,犹大则是正式的控告人。 

  可 14:47> 这个拔刀的人好狠啊…… 

  14:47 这个拔刀的人是彼得(参约 18:10 )。耶稣立刻治好了大祭司仆人的耳朵,阻止流血事件进一步发生(参路 22:51 )。 

  可 14:51-52> 看这狼狈逃走的年轻人…… 

  14:51-52 教会传统上认为这个少年人是这卷福音书的作者马可约翰。其他福音书没有提到这件事。 

  耶稣受审 

  可 14:53-65> 看这假公济私的宗教领袖的嘴脸── 

  14:53-65 犹太公会的审讯分为两个阶段:首先带耶稣到大祭司那里接受一小组人审问(参约 18:12-24 );接着,公会的所有成员在天亮时齐集审问耶稣(参路 22:66-71 )。他们控告耶稣犯了宗教罪行──自称是神的儿子──根据律法,这等于亵渎神。宗教领袖决定要杀死耶稣(参路 22:2 ),所以审讯的结果也是早已确定的。 

  可 14:55> 祭司长与公会是同党? 

  14:55 罗马虽然管治以色列,仍让犹太人处理宗教事务和一般民事纠纷。这个管理机关称为公会,由七十一位以色列宗教领袖组成。公会本应公平正直,然而在处理耶稣的审讯中,他们极不公正,甚至要捏造谎话来诬告耶稣( 14:57 )。 

  可 14:58> 宗教领袖如愿了…… 

  14:58 宗教领袖最后找到作假见证控告耶稣的人,其供词歪曲了耶稣的话。耶稣不是说要拆毁人手所造的圣殿,祂是说:“你们拆毁这殿,我三日内要再建立起来。”(参约 2:19 )耶稣所指的是自己的身体,而不是希律重修的圣殿。 

  可 14:60-64> 为什么耶稣不两条都回答? 

  14:60-64 耶稣不回答第一个问题,是由于证据错误且混乱,面对捏造的指控,缄默比澄清更聪明。但若拒绝回答第二个问题,就是否认自己的使命,所以祂回答了这个问题,祂的答案也预告了角色将要大转换:耶稣将坐在神的右边,审判现在控告祂的人。那时,他们就要回答祂的问题了(参诗 110:1 ;启 20:11-13 ) 

  可 14:63-64> 大祭司为了名利竟出卖自己的使命,我也曾步他的后尘吗? 

  14:63-64 众人之中,大祭司和公会的成员本是最熟悉圣经、最能认出弥赛亚来的,他们的工作也该是向人指明神,可是他们只关心自己的名誉和权威。他们看重的只是肉身的保障,而非永恒的保障。 

  耶稣为什么要为我们死? 

  可 14:66-67> 彼得也能出入大祭司的地方? 

  14:66-67 大祭司该亚法的府第在有数个院子的宏大宫殿里,耶稣在这里受审( 14:53 )。带彼得进院子的是约翰(参约 18:15-16 ),看来约翰认识大祭司。 

  可 14:71> 门徒彼得也发咒? 

  14:71 彼得发咒所起的誓不是普通的誓言,而是毒誓,他其实是说:“如果我说谎,就让神击打我,把我治死!” 

  可 14:71> 不认耶稣?不太可能吧…… 

  14:71 犹太公会和罗马政府不公义的审讯,判定耶稣有罪,实在令人愤愤不平,但是彼得和其余的门徒离弃耶稣,更加深了耶稣的痛苦( 14:50 )。我们多数或许不像犹太人和罗马领袖,却像门徒那样,在我们生活的重要方面犯了否认基督是主的罪。我们可能因为自己没有犯大罪而自豪,其实,我们都犯了罪。不要以别人的罪更严重为藉口,容许自己继续犯罪。──《灵修版圣经注释》